The K2 family of Multifrequency Cross-Correlation Phase and Modulation Fluorometers introduces a new approach to fluorescence and phosphorescence instrumentation for the research laboratory. Its optical design and automatic instrument control are state-of-the-art for steady-state and dynamic fluorescence measurements.  Its full automation and user friendly software make the instrument easy to use for both the student and the scientist. The K2 operates as a steady-state fluorometer for the measurement and analysis of excitation, emission, and polarization (anisotropy) spectra; for synchronous luminescence spectra; and for kinetics studies. The K2 is a multifrequency cross-correlation phase and modulation fluorometer for decay times determinations with picosecond resolution; for the measurement of rotational correlation times of molecules; phase and modulation resolved spectra; and for phase and modulation resolved kinetics lifetime.

Six models of the K2 are available, each fully automated and upgradeable to any other model:

K2-001 K2-Analog
The instrument operates at a fixed 40 Hz cross-correlation frequency and it is capable of modulation frequencies up to 350 MHz.

K2-002 K2-Digital
The cross-correlation is user-selectable up to 5000 Hz and data acquisition is performed through a FFT routine; the instrument covers the modulation frequency range from 300 KHz up to 350 MHz with a lamp and up to 450 MHz using a cw laser.

K2-003 K2-FastScan
The FastScan is our most popular model: lifetime data acquisition on a routine sample can be acquired in less than one minute using either a lamp or a laser.

K2-004 1.2 GHz Upgrade
This model requires a mode-locked laser as excitation source and a microchannel plate detector (MCP-PMT) for the collection of fluorescence. Alternatively, a laser diode can be utilized as the light source up to about 900 MHz. The cross-correlation is user-selectable up to 5000 Hz and data acquisition is performed through a FFT routine. It includes the FastScan upgrade and operates at modulation frequency up to 1.2 GHz.

K2-005 6 GHz Upgrade
The K2-005 is an upgrade of the K2-004: it operates in the frequency range up to 6 GHz.

K2-006 10 GHz Upgrade
The unique feature of K2-006, is the capability to work up to 10 GHz modulation frequency. It requires a mode-locked laser as the excitation source and a MCP-PMT as the light detector. The signal is detected using the super-heterodyning technique: the detected fluorescence signal is first scaled down to an intermediate frequency which, in turn, is heterodyned to the cross-correlation frequency.